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Outline
To investigate the influence of different spool structures on the internal flow field of sliding valves during dynamic motion，unsteady simulations based on the overset mesh method were conducted to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the flow field in sliding valves with three spool types （standard spool，dual‑curve spool，and turbine‑blade spool，corresponding to outlet jet angles of 90°，45°，and 30°）. The spool and valve chamber domains were defined in the foreground and background meshes respectively，enabling dynamic fluid domain variation during spool movement to simulate valve opening/closing. Results indicate that under a 1 MPa inlet‑outlet pressure difference，the maximum flow velocity reaches 50 m/s，generating lateral hydraulic forces up to 100 N. Dynamic changes in spool displacement significantly affect velocity，pressure，and turbulence distributions. Curved spools （dual‑curve and turbine‑blade） effectively reduce maximum turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） and outlet negative pressure backflow. The standard spool exhibits flow oscillation and negative pressure backflow during bidirectional regulation，causing flow instability with maximum TKE≈400 J/kg. The symmetric dual‑curve spool shows smaller directional dependence in flow fluctuations （maximum TKE≈330 J/kg）. The turbine‑blade spool demonstrates superior flow regulation，pressure distribution，and turbulence suppression due to its enlarged inflow boundary. These results provide theoretical foundations and design guidelines for high‑precision sliding valves.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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