Full
Outline
To address the heating capacity degradation caused by outdoor unit frosting during winter operation of air‑source heat pumps，an electric heater was installed at the inlet pipe of the outdoor heat exchanger to elevate evaporation temperature，delay frosting，and reduce defrosting frequency. Experimental prototypes were tested to compare system performance with/without the electric heater，analyze differences between constant operating parameters and automatic adjustment，and investigate the effects of heater power，compressor frequency，expansion valve opening，and outdoor fan speed on heating performance.Results show that a 560 W heater extends heating duration by 15.1% and increases average heating capacity by 1.6%.Within the 0~735 W power range，heating duration linearly increases with heater power，extending by 2.4 minutes per 100 W increment.This study provides reference for defrosting optimization in air‑source heat pumps.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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