Full
Outline
To investigate the effect of the distance between tandem valves on the flow and noise within the pipeline，based on the IDDES turbulence model and Lighthill's acoustic analogy theory，combined with computational fluid dynamics and acoustic finite element methods，the internal flow field and its induced acoustic field within the valve pipeline under three different spacing conditions were solved.The influence of varying valve spacing on the flow‑induced noise within the valve pipeline was analyzed.The results show that as the spacing increases，the low‑pressure region between the valves decreases，while the area of the low‑pressure region at the downstream valve increases.The continuity of the high‑velocity regions on both sides of the downstream valve weakens，and the shedding position of the high‑velocity wake occurs earlier.The influence of the upstream valve's trailing vortex between the valves diminishes，while the downstream vortex system develops more fully，with increased vortex velocity and vorticity.The intensity of pressure pulsation between the valves is significantly weakened （maximum reduction of 10.38%），while the total level of pulsating pressure behind the valve shows an increasing trend （maximum increase of 2.09%）.Regarding acoustic characteristics，the flow‑passing components such as the valve shaft and the edge of the valve disc are the main sound sources.As the spacing increases，the area of high sound source intensity between the valves and behind the valve decreases，with sound pressure energy concentrated within 80 Hz.With increasing valve spacing，the total sound pressure level at the measurement point between the valves at a spacing of 2.5D decreases by 8.52% and 4.96% compared to spacings of 1.5D and 2.0D，respectively.At the measurement point behind the valve，the total level at a spacing of 2.5D increases by 2.13% and 1.2% compared to spacings of 1.5D and 2.0D，respectively.The high sound pressure level area is concentrated at the edge of the valve disc and on both the upper and lower sides of the pipeline behind the valve shaft.As the spacing increases，the area and proportion of high sound pressure between the valves decrease，the energy weakens，while the area of high sound pressure behind the valve increases.This study provides a theoretical basis for the low‑noise design of ships and similar industrial pipeline systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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