Full
Outline
To address the challenges of conventional heating terminals in balancing rapid response with temperature uniformity，energy efficiency with comfort，and the inability to store excess heat or integrate heating and domestic hot water supply，a novel dual heat source natural convection terminal was proposed.This terminal was coupled with an air source heat pump to enable simultaneous heat exchange among three media：water，refrigerant，and air.The system could operate in three modes，single heating mode，heating and heat storage mode，and heat pipe discharge mode，through valve switching.An experimental system was set up in an artificial climate chamber to test the temperature characteristics of the novel terminal and the operational performance of the system under different outdoor ambient temperatures.The results indicated that in single heating mode，the time required for the novel terminal's surface temperature to reach 50 ℃ did not exceed 30 min，with a maximum surface temperature difference below 3.4 ℃，demonstrating uniform temperature distribution and the ability to achieve the required surface temperature for heating in a relatively short time.In heating and heat storage mode，the refrigerant heated the room air while simultaneously producing hot water.When the outdoor temperature was -10 ℃，the system's heating capacity reached 2.60 kW，and the heating COP remained stable at 2.96.In heat pipe discharge mode，the time for hot water to cool from 55 ℃ to 40 ℃ exceeded 5 h indicating that the stored heat could meet long duration heating demands.This study provides an effective technical pathway for addressing challenges related to response speed，temperature uniformity，and multi energy complementarity in air source heat pump heating systems，offering significant reference value for advancing efficient，comfortable，and low carbon heating technologies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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