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Outline
To investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid indium-tin-bismuth alloy within tubes，a systematic analysis was conducted on the effects of different tube types （including circular，elliptical，flattened，square，and triangular tubes） under the same equivalent diameter condition on temperature，velocity，and pressure distributions，as well as the influence of key thermal parameters such as Reynolds number and heat flux density on the heat transfer dynamics of the indium-tin-bismuth alloy.The results indicate that the square tube exhibits superior overall heat transfer performance compared to other tube types.When the inlet Reynolds number increased from 5 419 to 13 548，the heat transfer coefficient increased from 4 695.962 W/（m2⋅K） to 9 357.478 W/（m2⋅K）.When the wall heat flux density increased from 110 W/cm2 to 130 W/cm2，the heat transfer coefficient increased from 4 695.962 W/（m2⋅K） to 5 541.235 W/（m2⋅K）.Both increasing the inlet Reynolds number and increasing the tube wall heat flux density significantly enhance the heat transfer efficiency between the liquid metal and the tube wall.This study provides a reference for the optimal design and application of thermal management systems utilizing liquid metals.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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