Full
Outline
To investigate the association between Framingham steatosis index (FSI) and the risk of gallstone disease in order to evaluate its potential as a risk marker and simple screening tool.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 5 705 adults subjected from the 2017-2020 cycle of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A complex sampling-weighted multivariable logistic regression model was employed to assess the association between FSI (treated as both a continuous variable and in quartiles) and gallstone risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and threshold effect analyses were utilized to explore nonlinear relationships. Interaction and subgroup analyses were performed to examine potential effect modifiers, and multiple sensitivity analyses were applied to verify the robustness of the findings.
The fully adjusted logistic regression model showed a significant positive association between FSI and gallstone risk (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.20 to 1.44, P<0.001). Compared with the low FSI quartile, the high quartile had a significantly increased risk (OR=3.67, 95%CI: 2.21 to 6.09, P<0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship between FSI and gallstone disease (P for nonlinear=0.031), with an inflection point at -0.27. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the positive association.
Elevated FSI levels are significantly positively correlated with the risk of gallstone disease, suggesting its potential as a convenient metabolic composite indicator in community and clinical settings for the rapid identification of high-risk individuals. Countermeasures It is recommended that public health authorities should consider taking FSI into screening program for adult gallstone risk. Following prospective validation in Chinese populations, its threshold value could be utilized for rapid community-based risk stratification (high-vs low-risk), thereby optimizing the allocation of screening resources. Furthermore, comprehensive guidelines targeting body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood glucose should be developed and promoted. Strengthening public education and enhancing surveillance should be conducted to achieve the ultimate goals of early warning, precise intervention, and reduction of disease burden for high-risk populations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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