Environmentally-induced reproductive toxicity is one of the important causes of fertility declines and has become a significant global public health challenge. Elucidating the causal links between exposure to environmental hazards and reproductive damage, unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms, and establishing precise reproductive injury assessment systems are crucial for development of targeted interventions and safeguarding human reproductive health. In this article, we systematically review the research progress on reproductive toxicity caused by emerging environmental chemical pollutants, common physical factors, and biological factors in the recent 3 years. We summarize the new technologies in the field of toxicology, including novel experimental models, exposomics, and artificial intelligence. We also discuss the potential research directions in risk assessment, prevention and intervention of environmental factors-induced reproductive damage.