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Radar is a crucial tool for detecting subsurface structures and properties on Mars. The shallow radar (SHARAD) aboard the Mars reconnaissance orbiter (MRO) has conducted almost comprehensive orbital surveys of Mars over the past two decades, which provides a lot of valuable data for detection of Mars. However, the current research on the inversion and interpretation of SHARAD data mainly focuses on the part containing subsurface reflection, and the surface reflection data, which accounts for the largest proportion, has not been fully utilized. In 2021, the US“Perseverance”rover and China’s“Zhurong”rover successfully landed in Jezero Crater and southern Utopia Planitia, respectively. Both rovers were equipped with ground-penetrating radar systems and collected a large amount of data, providing crucial references for calibrating SHARAD surface reflection data. Firstly, the SHARAD data is processed to eliminate the influence of ionosphere interference, satellite attitude and ground roughness. Then, the low-frequency channel radar data from Mars rover penetrating radar (RoPeR) on“Zhurong”rover are processed and inverted to calibrate the surface reflection power of SHARAD data. Finally, a permittivity distribution map of the southern Utopia Planitia is generated based on the processed SHARAD surface reflection power. The results indicate that the permittivity map in southern Utopia Planitia is relatively uniform, ranging from 3.5 to 4.5, but the permittivity values in the southern highland are slightly higher than those in the northern lowland. A data processing and inversion method by combining SHARAD and RoPeR is proposed in this study, which can help improve the large-scale data processing and interpretation capabilities of Mars radar and enhance the understanding of Mars surface properties and evolution history.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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