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Outline
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is the most common chronic liver disease，and it has become a major global health issue. Excessive lipid accumulation in the liver is the core pathological event of MAFLD，which triggers lipotoxicity and leads to cell apoptosis，necrosis，and inflammatory cascades by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress，oxidative stress，organelle dysfunction，and ferroptosis，thereby promoting the progression of simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. In this process，very-long-chain fatty acids （VLCFAs），as essential components of cell membranes and lipid metabolism，have attracted increasing attention for their role in lipotoxicity mechanisms. This article reviews the role of VLCFAs in lipid metabolism processes and lipotoxicity mechanisms，focusing on how VLCFAs participate in metabolic regulation through key proteins and disrupt cell membranes to induce oxidative stress，and how their metabolites and derivatives drive inflammatory responses，ultimately promoting the progression of MAFLD.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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