Taking the existing wind turbine pitch control system as the research object, the impeller aerodynamic test with variable incoming flow and angle of attack was carried out, and the fluidstructure coupling calculation was completed by selecting the Fluent module and Transient Structural module in the workbench 2021 platform. The results show that: the maximum error of the power and lift coefficient of the model and test within the test range is 3.7%, 5.8%, and the average error is 2.2%, 3.4%, and the maximum power of the impeller in the rated wind speed of 10 m/s is 2.5 kW, and the lift coefficient of the angle of attack of 14° is the maximum of 1.05. The incoming wind speed has a more obvious effect on the strength of the vortex in the wake area, and the higher the incoming wind speed, the higher the surface pressure on the blades at the same position coordinates. The higher the incoming wind speed, the higher the surface pressure of the blade in the same position coordinate, the smaller the velocity attenuation of the impeller tail, and the maximum stress and deformation suffered by the blade is proportional to the incoming wind speed; the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the surface pressure of the blade in the same position coordinate, and the maximum stress and deformation suffered by the blade is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature is in the range of 20~20 °C, and the maximum stress and deformation caused by the temperature are 1.45% and 2.37%, the results of the study are of guiding significance for the operation of wind turbines in harsh environments.