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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology relies on the permeation selectivity of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) and the conversion of salinity gradient energy of working solutions into membrane potential, which can be used for power generation or driving electrochemical reactions. The progress in domestic patents in RED field was introduced. First, the tradeoff assessment mechanism of suitable IEMs for a RED system was discussed from the perspectivesof membrane resistance, membrane thickness, ionic selectivity, ionic exchange capacity, fouling resistance, antibacterial ability and stability. Accordingly, the IEMs modification methods and optimization development directions were analyzed. Then, the development and patent layout of RED technology in the fields of power generation, hydrogen production, wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, were reviewed emphatically. Besides, several energy conversion technical routes were ascertained, including (thermal energy→)salinity gradient energy→(electricity→) hydrogen, etc. The regeneration methods and development process of the cycling working solutions were elucidated. The RED technology is suggested to be coupled with the electrodialysis, renewable energy generation, and lowgrade heat recovery technologies, which is an effective strategy to achieve complementary advantages of various technologies and beneficial to improve the output capacity and energy efficiency.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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