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The thermal efficiency of the traditional bottomheated solar still is low, and the interfacial evaporation technology can limit the heat to the evaporation interface, and then quickly generate water vapor to realize the efficient utilization of solar energy. In this paper, a composite interface evaporator with carbon nanopowder as photothermal conversion material and coated with polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel was prepared, and on this basis, a singleeffect solar still was designed. In this paper, firstly, the energy distribution in the process of water production in the still is analyzed by theoretical calculation, and it is found that the sunlight reflection on the condensation surface and the heat conduction on the evaporation interface are the two biggest factors leading to the energy loss of the still. Then, by adjusting the wettability of the condensation surface, the light transmittance is improved, and the sunlight reflection is reduced, so that the evaporation interface can receive more solar energy. It was found that the thermal efficiency of the still was increased from 36.1% to 55.4% by adjusting the wettability of the condensing surface; the heat conduction loss of evaporation interface is reduced by optimizing the water supply structure of evaporator. When the proportion of water supply area is 20%, its thermal efficiency is improved to 64.6%. Finally, the water production performance of the still under outdoor practical conditions was tested, and the system operated stably without salt crystallization. The evaporation interface temperature and water production rate change synchronously with the change of irradiation intensity, and the wholeday water production reaches 2.89 kg/m². This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design and performance improvement of solar still.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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