In view of the deficiency of the research on the prevention and control of rock burst in hard rock, a method of joint prevention and control of rock burst by cutting seam and bolt anchoring was proposed.The bolt anchoring samples without cutting seam, the bolt anchoring samples with cutting seam and the bolt anchoring samples with cutting seam grouting were prepared. The pre-tightening force relaxation tests and biaxial compression tests of bolts with different anchorage body samples were carried out. The strength of composite surrounding rock and safety factor with cutting seam and bolt anchoring were discussed. The results show that compared with the simple bolt anchoring, the stress concentration is transferred from the bolt anchoring zone to the end of the cutting seam by cutting seam, and the fracture evolution is transferred from the surrounding of the bolt anchoring zone to the distal end of the cutting seam. The bearing capacity, damage severity and crushing degree of the sample are reduced. The stress concentration area is enlarged by the cutting seam grouting, and the key layer of flattening is formed. The area is extended from the bolt anchoring zone to the end of the cutting seam, and the fracture evolution is extended from the surrounding of the bolt anchoring zone to the the distal end of the cutting seam. The overall bearing capacity of the sample is improved.The relaxation law of bolt pre-tightening force under the three anchoring conditions before and after loading is basically the same, showing three stages of rapid decay relaxation, slow decay relaxation and stable decay relaxation. The relaxation process of bolt pre-tightening force can reflect the internal fracture evolution of anchorage body. A simplified formula for calculating the strength of composite surrounding rock under different anchoring conditions is established, the energy consumption coefficient is defined, and a formula for calculating the safety factor of composite surrounding rock after excavation considering the energy consumption is derived, three methods of rock burst prevention and control are given, which can be used in engineering. The research results can provide reference for the local danger-relief of rock burst, bolt anchoring, prediction and prevention and control of hard rock.