Under the influence of multiple factors such as slowdown of global economic growth, intensification of geopolitical conflicts and acceleration of energy transformation, the mineral resources market presents complex and changeable characteristics. In order to better grasp the current situation and development trend of mineral resources development and utilization in China, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was adopted, and statistical and comparative analysis methods were comprehensively used to conduct in-depth analysis of domestic and foreign mineral resource market data. By sorting out key indicators such as mineral product output, price, investment, import and export, the operational situation of China's mineral resources market was revealed. By comparing the development and utilization of mineral resources between China and major economies in the world, the status and characteristics of China in the global mineral resources market were clarified. The development and utilization of mineral resources in China was comprehensively analyzed, and the internal and external factors facing its development were grasped. The results show that in 2024, the trend of the global mining market is obviously divided, the price of energy minerals falls, the price of most non-ferrous metals rises, and the price of precious metals such as gold continues to rise sharply. China's mining investment has increased, geological exploration investment and mining fixed asset investment have maintained a high growth trend, and the development of mineral resources has shifted significantly to the west. The proportion of relevant indicators in the western region has continued to rise, the diversified mining development pattern dominated by state-owned holding enterprises has become more reasonable, and the production efficiency of mining enterprises has been continuously improved. The development and utilization of mineral resources generally shows a trend of “quantity increase and price decrease”. The national raw ore production continues to grow, but the price of mineral products generally declines, resulting in a year-on-year decrease in the total output value of the mining industry, the sales income of mineral products and the total annual interest and tax of enterprises. Looking forward to 2025, the slowdown of global economic growth and the increase of supply will lead to the weakening of the international bulk mineral market and the differentiation of the price trend of different mineral products. The global geological exploration investment has fallen back, but the domestic geological exploration investment is expected to continue to increase. The production of China's mining industry is expected to remain stable, but the economic benefits and profits of enterprises have declined. Energy transformation will greatly promote the growth of demand for clean energy technology minerals, and the market value of key minerals is expected to reach $770 billion in 2040. To this end, China needs to give full play to the advantages of a unified domestic market and economic internal circulation, and strengthen the real economy. Scientific and technological innovation should be relied on to promote the transformation and upgrading of energy and mineral resources industry. International cooperation should be strengthened to ensure the effective supply of overseas mineral resources. And sustainable development and utilization of mineral resources should be promoted, so as to provide a solid guarantee for high-quality economic development.