In order to promote the high-quality development of resource-based cities, the comprehensive evaluation index, coupling coordination degree and obstacle factors of mineral-economy-mine environment in 84 resource-based cities in China from 2020 to 2022 were studied by constructing the index system of mineral-economy-mine environment and using the comprehensive evaluation model, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of mineral, economy and mine environment has increased, and the differences of resource-based cities in different types and regions are obvious. The coupling coordination degree of resource-based cities is low, most cities are in a state of imbalance, and the overall level of coupling coordination is on the rise. The main obstacle factors of the mineral system are the sales revenue of mineral products, the total output value of mine industry and the total profit of mining enterprises. The main obstacle factors of the economic system are the total import and export trade volume, the number of patent authorizations and the profits of industrial enterprises above a certain scale. The main obstacle factors of the mining environment system are the area of restoration and treatment for the current year, the cumulative restoration and treatment area, and the amount of investment in restoration and treatment for the current year.