Full
Outline
In order to reduce the adverse effect of creep on the long-term stability of the project under the action of seepage water pressure, creep tests under different hydraulic gradients were carried out using the seepage-stress coupling servo control loading test system to explore the rheological properties and seepage characteristics of sandstone. Combined with three-dimensional digital image correlation technology (3D-DIC), the micro-cracks evolution law and deformation localization characteristics of sandstone were studied. At the same time, the crack damage characteristics of sandstone were explored based on CT scanning technology. The results are concluded as follows. Firstly, the larger the hydraulic gradient is, the larger the creep deformation is, the faster the micro-cracks growth rate is, and the more obvious the change of strain field cloud map is. Compared with the axial strain field cloud maps, the larger strain points and strain localization characteristics appear earlier in the radial strain field cloud maps. Secondly, the larger the hydraulic gradient is, the larger the strain increment is, the faster the strain change rate is, and the shorter the creep life of sandstone is. By establishing a virtual strain gauge, it is found that the strain changes inside and outside the local failure zone of sandstone are inconsistent, indicating that there are localization characteristics in the creep deformation process of sandstone. Thirdly, under the low hydraulic gradient, more pores and fissures are pressed and sealed, the seepage channel is reduced, and the flow rate is continuously reduced. Under the high hydraulic gradient, the damage is continuously accumulated, the seepage channel is increased, and the flow rate is increased. Finally, it can be seen from the CT scanning that the three main cracks penetrate the whole sample, guide the sandstone failure, and generate secondary cracks to promote crack propagation. Near the loading end of sandstone, the applied seepage water pressure is larger, and more secondary cracks are derived from the upper part of sandstone, forming a complex crack network structure.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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