According to the well-developed joints and fragmented orebody in certain middle sections of a gold mine, combined with the stability of the ore and surrounding rock, two mining schemes were proposed, including the upward drift cut-and-fill mining method and the sublevel cut-and-fill mining method. Through a comprehensive comparison of the technical and economic indicators, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the upward drift cut-and-fill mining method was ultimately selected. The Mathews stability graph method was then employed to design the stope dimensions (height × width × length) for the primary and secondary drifts, which were determined to be 3.3 m×8.0 m × 40 m and 3.3 m×7.0 m×40 m, respectively. Based on the pre-support mechanism of anchor cables, a support scheme was designed. Discrete element software was employed to simulate the crack development state in the fractured zone, and an indicator for the surrounding rock cracking zone was proposed to quantitatively characterize the cracking depth, thereby analyzing the stability of the stope. The results show that after anchor cable support, no significant rockfall occurs in the roof of the two-step drift, and no large-scale interconnected crack zones or widespread surrounding rock cracking zones are observed. Considering both support effectiveness and economic requirements, an anchor cable pattern of 3.3 m×4.0 m is identified as the optimal solution. Under this scheme, the roof displacement is approximately 84 mm, with a reduction of 26.96%, the total number of cracks decreases by 37.33%; and the equivalent depth of the cracking zone is 0.64 m, with a reduction of 36.63%, compared to the condition without support. The field industrial application shows that the maximum vertical displacement difference of the roof after support is 91 mm. This solution brings approximately 7.555 million yuan in economic benefits to the mine.