Full
Outline
To achieve accurate prediction of roadway deformation, a parallel prediction model that combines a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and a Transformer, optimized using the Alpha evolution (AE) algorithm was proposed. This model integrated TCN and Transformer architectures through a parallel framework. The TCN utilized dilated causal convolutions to extract local temporal features, while the Transformer employed a multi-head self-attention mechanism to enhance the capture of long-term temporal patterns. Finally, the model output results through a dynamic multi-model feature fusion mechanism guided by temporal attention. At the same time, the AE algorithm was introduced to optimize hyper parameters, leveraging adaptive evolutionary paths and a two-step mechanism to enhance the model's robustness as handling complex time-series data. Experimental validation was conducted using roadway displacement monitoring data from three different monitoring points in the middle levels of an iron ore in Yunnan. The results show that when the prediction step size ranges from 6 to 48, the AE-TCN-Transformer model maintains a root mean square error (RMSE) below 0.013 2 mm, a symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) below 0.09%, and a coefficient of determination (R2) above 0.97. These performance metrics significantly outperform those of single models such as TCN, Transformer, LSTM, and other single-model approaches. This fully validates the accuracy and reliability of the AE-TCN-Transformer model in roadway deformation prediction and provides a new approach for precise prediction of roadway deformation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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