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Outline
Caving mining is widely recognized to trigger large-scale strata movement and ground deformation, making a reliable delineation of the surface subsidence range essential for mitigating associated losses. In this study, a representative metal mine adopting the caving method was investigated, and the subsidence range was evaluated using numerical simulation, analytical modelling, and similarity simulation model test. Numerical simulations were first performed to obtain a preliminary subsidence profile. On this basis, an enhanced Weibull-distribution-based formulation was developed to better capture the subsidence characteristics induced by caving mining in metal mines. The spatial uncertainty of rock-mass mechanical properties was then incorporated via reliability theory to provide a reliability-informed prediction of the subsidence range. Finally, the analytical predictions were validated by similarity simulation tests. The three approaches yield subsidence extents in the following ascending order: numerical simulation < similarity simulation test < reliability-based analysis. The discrepancy between theoretical predictions and test results ranges from 0.30% to less than 5%, demonstrating the robustness and credibility of the proposed method for subsidence-range delineation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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