In order to study the dynamic response and stability of goaf group under blasting stress disturbance, based on the structural characteristics of goaf group and its interaction with surrounding rock, the dynamic response model of goaf group was constructed, the dynamic response analysis method was created, the dynamic instability criterion was put forward, and its stability was judged. An underground limestone mine was selected as the object for calculation and analysis, which was compared with the results of numerical simulation and field monitoring. The influence of different blasting frequency, span-height ratio of goaf and height-width ratio of pillar on the dynamic response of goaf group was studied. The results show that under the disturbance of blasting stress, the calculation results of dynamic response analysis method are consistent with those of numerical simulation and field monitoring. The velocity and displacement response of the goaf group are mainly concentrated in the x and y directions. The blasting frequency significantly affects the velocity and displacement response of the goaf group, and the relationship curve between the two types of peak and frequency is " single peak ". The peak velocity increases first and then decreases with the increase of the span-height ratio of goaf, the inflection points of the peak velocity curves in the x and y directions are 0.8 and 0.6, respectively. The peak displacement increases linearly with the increase of the span-height ratio of goaf, and the linear change slopes in the x and y directions are 0.926 and 0.670, respectively. The peak values of velocity and displacement increase slowly with the increase of height-width ratio of pillar, which has a weak influence on the stability of goaf group. The research results can provide a new method for the dynamic response of goaf group.