Full
Outline
To investigate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution and its spatial distribution patterns in the soil around the Qidashan iron mine, three types of single pollution sources (open-pit mine, waste rock dump, and tailings pond) and their multi-pollution source areas were selected as the study objects. Soil samples were systematically collected, and the concentrations of four heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu) and physical and chemical properties of soil were measured. A spatial distribution model was constructed by using the inverse distance weighting interpolation method, and correlation analysis was conducted to explore the migration patterns of soil pollutants under both single and multi-pollution source conditions. The results show that the concentrations of all four heavy metals generally exceed the background values of Liaoning Province, among them, Ni pollution is the most prominent. Horizontally, the heavy metal contents in the soil around single pollution sources decrease with increasing distance, while the multi-pollution source composite area exhibits a center-high distribution pattern. Vertically, heavy metals show overall enrichment in the surface layer, but in some areas, influenced by rainfall leaching and soil adsorption, a "low at surface layer-high at middle layer-low at deep layer" distribution phenomenon has been observed. Correlation analysis indicates that the spatial distribution of heavy metals is jointly influenced by pollution source types, distance, and physical and chemical properties of soil such as pH, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity. This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, and ecological remediation of soil pollution in mining areas.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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