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Outline
Both rock slope instability and tunnel collapse disasters in cold regions are related to the frozen seepage flow in rock fractures. In order to explore the evolution mechanism of the frozen seepage flow in rock fractures at low temperature, a visualized experiment platform for frozen seepage flow in rock fractures under low temperature conditions was developed, and experiments of low temperature frozen seepage flow in rock fractures under different flow conditions were carried out. Based on the image-processing technology, the dynamic development process of liquid-ice phase transition was quantified, then the relationships between the liquid-ice phase transition and the frozen seepage flow properties were analyzed. The results show that due to the difference in heat exchange intensity between liquid phase and fracture surfaces, the liquid phase is frozen firstly in the upper and lower regions of fracture outlet in the frozen seepage flow process. With the development of frozen seepage flow, the areas of ice phase increase gradually, and the seepage channel decreases accordingly, which results in the increase of liquid phase velocity and an intensification of thermal convection intensity under constant flow conditions, so that the ablation phenomenon occurs at the convex places of the ice phase on both sides of the fracture. When the frozen seepage flow reaches a steady state, the Reynolds number of liquid phase flow is obviously greater than its initial value, and the pressure gradient is roughly linear with the flow. Furthermore, the larger flow has an obvious inhibitory effect on the freezing rate of the ice phase.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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