Full
Outline
To solve the problems of difficult lithium-sodium separation and low product purity in conventional processes, a pilot study on lithium extraction from spent lithium battery black mass was carried out using the sulfation roasting-alkali leaching process, with the innovative introduction of bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology. The pilot study showed that under optimized process conditions (a volume ratio of black mass to concentrated sulfuric acid of 1∶0.65 and roasting at 540 ℃ for 3.5 h), the lithium leaching rate was stably above 99.38%, and 99.65% of the fluorine in the black mass entered the flue gas, resulting in an extremely low fluorine content in the leachate. The nickel-cobalt-manganese residue obtained after alkali leaching was subjected to two-stage countercurrent acid leaching, and the leaching rates of nickel, cobalt, and manganese all exceeded 99.2%, enabling efficient recovery. To address the high sodium content in the alkali leachate, bipolar membrane electrodialysis was employed to convert the purified lithium sulfate solution into a lithium hydroxide solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 1.38 mol/L and dilute sulfuric acid with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.48 mol/L. The lithium hydroxide solution was further purified by nanofiltration and evaporation crystallization to prepare a lithium hydroxide product that met battery-grade quality requirements. The process is simple and efficient, with an overall lithium recovery of approximately 97.9%. Preliminary cost estimation shows that the total processing cost per ton of lithium produced by this process is approximately 94 100 yuan, demonstrating both technical feasibility and economic competitiveness and providing a new approach for the comprehensive resource utilization of spent lithium batteries.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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