With the continuous increase in mining depth and the growing complexity of operating environments, the traditional safety governance model for non-coal mines is facing severe challenges. It is urgent to promote the transformation of this safety governance model toward pre-incident prevention. The evolution context of safety production policies for non-coal mines in China, which have shifted from "post-incident accountability" to "source control" and further to "systematic governance", was systematically sorted out, and a four-dimensional analytical framework of "access control-process supervision-transformation and upgrading-supervision and law enforcement" was constructed. The research shows that the current policy system has effectively promoted the optimization of industrial structure and has improved the safety situation. The number of accidents and fatalities in 2025 decreased by 49.0% and 38.3% respectively compared with 2018. However, in the face of new scenarios such as deep mine mining and intelligent construction, the policy system still has structural contradictions including lagging regulations and standards, implementation obstacles at the grassroots level, and insufficient technical support. Drawing on the experience of safety risk management in Australia, the United States and Canada, this paper proposes that China should establish a five-dimensional optimization path comprising improved legal frameworks, intelligent upgrading, collaborative governance, market-oriented incentives and accountability implementation to address the "last-kilometer" problem in policy implementation. In the future, in-depth research should be conducted on policy adaptation in cutting-edge fields, assessment of policy synergistic effects, and research on region-differentiated strategies, so as to provide institutional guarantees for the development of new-quality productive forces in the mining industry.