Full
Outline
As metal mining extends to depths greater than 1 000 m, the water hazard occurrence environment and disaster-causing process exhibit characteristics such as high confined pressure coexisting with weak water yield, high stress-high water pressure coupling, diverse water sources, concealed water-conducting channels, and significant time-dependent disaster evolution. The traditional prevention and control mode, which is dominated by static hydrogeological condition analysis and passive drainage, can no longer meet the requirements of safe deep mining. Based on the long-term research and engineering practice achievements of Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd in mine water hazard prevention and control, this paper systematically summarized four aspects: water hazard characteristics, disaster-causing mechanisms, prevention and control technologies, and coordinated groundwater safety management. Firstly, the types and basic characteristics of water hazards in deep metal mines were sorted out from the dimensions of water sources, water-conducting channels, and disaster-causing modes. Secondly, the mechanisms of initiation, triggering, and evolution of deep water hazards were elucidated from three levels: geological structure-controlled water, rock mass damage-seepage coupling under high stress-high water pressure, and thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical multi-field coupling. Finally, key technologies such as fine hydrogeological exploration, water inrush risk assessment, curtain grouting, sealing of strong dynamic water channels, controlled dewatering, flooded shaft treatment, and multi-source information monitoring and early warning were summarized. A closed-loop prevention and control system of "fine exploration-risk assessment-engineering treatment-monitoring and early warning" was constructed. The research can provide a theoretical basis and engineering reference for the collaborative development of deep metal mine water hazard prevention and control from single disaster treatment to safe mining, groundwater resource utilization, and ecological environment protection.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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