Full
Outline
Deep orebody mining generally faces a complex occurrence environment characterized by high in-situ stress, high ground temperature, high osmotic pressure, and strong mining disturbance. Conventional backfill mining technologies and equipment struggle to meet the demands of safe and efficient mining. Under large-scale deep mining conditions, deep shafe backfill faces problems such as high hydration heat release of cementitious materials, slow backfill formation, insufficient backfill system capacity, and high-potential-energy slurry transport that easily induces partially filled pipe flow, water hammer, and pipe bursting risks. These issues have become key bottlenecks restricting the safe and efficient mining of deep mines. Focusing on the engineering requirements for large-scale, safe, and efficient backfill in deep metal mines, three key issues were proposed: the rapid and sustained low-heat solidification mechanism of ultrafine tailings backfill slurry, the pressure regulation and high-efficiency energy utilization mechanism of full-pipe transport in deep shafts, and the stability control and formation mechanism of high backfill under deep high in-situ stress. Four key technologies were systematically summarized: performance regulation of low-heat, early-strength, and high-strength backfill cementitious materials; large-scale continuous and steady-state thickening of ultrafine tailings; pressure-reducing power generation and full-pipe transport safety assurance for deep mine backfill slurry; and formation and quality assurance of high backfill under deep high in-situ stress. The research and development directions for new materials, technologies, and equipment for green and efficient backfill in metal mines at depths of over 1 000 m and with capacities of tens of millions of tons were clarified, and a large-scale, safe, and efficient backfill technology system for deep mining was constructed. This aims to comprehensively enhance China's capacity for green and efficient development of deep strategic mineral resources and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the large-scale development of deep mineral resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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