The rapid development of autonomous driving technology has continuously expanded its application scenarios, and unmanned driving in mines has become an important direction in intelligent mine construction. Aiming at the problems of complex underground working environments, high manual labor intensity, and prominent safety risks, an unmanned driving system for underground electric Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) machines was designed and implemented by integrating autonomous driving and remote control technologies. The system adopted an operation mode of "remote-controlled loading, autonomous driving for transportation and unloading", realizing the full-process unmanned operation of LHD machines in underground roadway environments. Field industrial test results show that the average lateral tracking error of the system during operation is controlled within 0.30 m, the positioning loss probability is approximately 0.11%, and the average communication latency is less than 5 ms. The system also possesses good safety assurance capabilities, with the access control system and anti-collision detection module effectively handling emergency situations. The research results verify the stability and practicability of the system in underground mine environments, which can effectively reduce miners'labor intensity and improve underground working conditions.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |