To achieve safe mining in the near-shaft area of steeply inclined thin orebody, a steeply inclined thin gold mine was taken as the engineering background. Combined with the geological conditions of the mine, the applicable mining method was preliminarily selected, and the primary selection scheme was optimized by using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy decision theory. FLAC3D numerical simulation was used to analyze the shaft stability during the mining process in the newly added recoverable near-shaft area. The results show that the upward drift filling mining method is the optimal mining scheme for the newly delineated area of the shaft safety pillar. Compared with ascending mining, descending mining reduces the extreme value of the maximum unbalanced force in the stope by 15%-20%, effectively alleviates the local stress concentration in the ore body, and helps restrain ground pressure activities and control shaft displacement. The optimized mining sequence gradually releases stress and creates a favorable stress environment for the stope. The filling body plays a key supporting role, and their synergistic effect significantly enhances the overall stability of the stope and effectively inhibits rock mass failure and propagation. The on-site monitoring results of the shaft indicate that after adopting the descending mining scheme, the maximum compressive deformation of the main shaft is 0.049 mm/m, and the maximum tensile deformation of the blind shaft is 0.151 mm/m, both values meet the requirements specified in safety regulations (2.0 mm/m). The field industrial test results show that the upward drift filling mining method has good safety and economic benefits, the resource recovery rate is increased to 95%, realizing the coordinated optimization of safety, economic benefit and resource recovery.