Full
Outline
To effectively solve the problems of severe backbreak damage, high oversize block ratio and poor stability of working face side when using large-diameter long-hole caving method in underground stopes, the optimization of axial charge structure was carried out based on the engineering background of three rows of large-diameter long-hole lateral blasting in underground stope of a copper mine in Anhui Province. LS-DYNA was used to establish five numerical models of axial segmented charge structures with three rows of blast holes. By analyzing the damage distribution law and failure volume of rock mass in different zones, the optimal charge structure for backbreak control in each row of blast holes were determined respectively. The numerical simulation results show that the axial charge structure can alter the distribution of explosion energy, thereby regulating the damage distribution and failure range of the rock mass. Considering both rock breaking effect and backbreak control effect comprehensively, it is recommended that the three rows of blastholes adopt axial charge structures with 1 m charge and 1 m air interval, 0.5 m charge and 1 m air interval, and 0.5 m charge and 1.5 m air interval, respectively. The field industrial test results show that after adopting the optimized charge structure, the number of oversize blocks in the collapsed muck pile decrease significantly, the reduction of sonic wave velocity in the rock mass of the imminent blasting zone is about 8.8%, and the rock damage value is basically less than 0.19. This indicates that the rock mass features favorable integrity and slight damage, and the backbreak control effect is remarkable.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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