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Outline
Problems including land occupation, soil degradation and environmental pollution are often triggered by massive coal gangue stockpiles generated alongside coal mining. Resource utilization approaches of coal gangue as potential soil amendments and materials for ecological restoration of mining areas were systematically discussed. Coal gangue is rich in silicon-aluminum minerals, organic matter and trace elements. After being modified by microbial and hydrothermal activation technologies, the bioavailability of key nutrients such as silicon, potassium and phosphorus in coal gangue is improved, and this treatment method has both environmental friendliness and low energy consumption. The research results indicate that the pore structure of degraded soil is significantly optimized, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is enhanced, the content of soil organic matter and fertility level are raised, and positive effects on soil carbon sequestration are achieved by activated coal gangue. In terms of ecological restoration of mining areas, modified coal gangue has been successfully applied in reclamation projects of subsidence areas, and artificial soil can be prepared with it to effectively support vegetation reconstruction and soil and water conservation. Effective approaches for the high-value and large-scale utilization of coal gangue are offered by applying modified coal gangue to soil improvement and mining ecosystem restoration, and important practical significance is also shown in advancing ecological reconstruction of mining areas, ameliorating degraded soil and facilitating the realization of the "Dual Carbon" goals.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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