To effectively trigger miners' proactive behavior and solve the problem of insufficient internal safety motivation of miners caused by the overemphasis on punishment rather than appreciation and the overemphasis on control rather than communication in mine safety management, and based on cognitive-affective system theory and self-determination theory, a moderated chain mediation model was constructed by introducing in-group identification and family-like exchange as mediating variables and face consciousness as moderating variables. Based on the questionnaire survey, 510 valid data points were collected, and the empirical research method was used to test the hypothesis of the model. The results show that workplace appreciation has a promoting effect on miners' proactive behavior, and the direct effect value is 0.134. In-group identification and family-like exchange play an independent mediating role and a chain mediating role between workplace appreciation and miners' proactive behavior, respectively. Face consciousness positively moderates the relationship between workplace appreciation and in-group identification and family-like exchange, and further positively moderates the indirect mediating effect of in-group identification and family-like exchange. The research results can provide a reference for the implementation of "people-oriented" safety appreciation management in mining enterprises.