Full
Outline
Ore and rock are distributed alternately in Las Bambas Copper Mine, with varying hardness and diverse lithology across zones. Single blasting parameters are hardly applicable to the complex geological conditions. To achieve proper ore fragmentation and reduce waste rock dilution during blasting, research was conducted on ore-rock separation controlled blasting technology and fragmentation prediction for open-pit bench blasting. Rock mass blastability was classified based on the Rock Mass Index (RMI). In-situ retention blasting and cast blasting were proposed to distinguish between ore and rock, thereby achieving zoned accumulation of broken materials. Schemes of multi-point initiation with differentiated borehole pattern parameters and dense empty hole blasting were designed. Blasting data of Ferrobamba mining area were used for training based on XGBoost model, and ore blasting fragmentation of 25 sample groups was predicted and verified through field tests. The results show that with the multi-point initiation scheme using differentiated borehole pattern parameters, a hole depth of 16.5 m, borehole pattern parameters of 9.0 m×8.0 m for rock area and 6.5 m×5.5 m for ore area, distinct ore-rock boundary grooves are formed after blasting, and ore and rock accumulate separately. The characteristic parameter D80 of blasting fragmentation distribution is 127 mm, while the predicted D80 value is 124 mm with an error of only about 2.36%. The proportion of fragments sized smaller than 25.6 mm reaches 36.7%, which satisfies the requirements of the concentrator.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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