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Outline
To investigate the fracture distribution law of rock strata under hydraulic fracturing in gently inclined hard roofs and to determine the critical initiation stress range of hydraulic fracturing, this study takes the I010206 working face of Kuangou Coal Mine as the engineering background. Based on the mechanical properties of the roof surrounding rock, similar material specimens were prepared. Using a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experimental apparatus, physical simulation experiments under different stresses and initiation pressures were conducted under stress conditions of σH=12.8-13.9 MPa, σh=6.5-8.1 MPa, and σv=5 MPa, with a water injection flow rate of 40 mL/min. Furthermore, numerical simulation software was employed to analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of the fractures. The results show that the horizontal stress difference has a significant influence on the fracture propagation morphology. Under low stress difference conditions, fractures exhibit unilateral dominant propagation, with the scaled-up propagation area reaching 4.25 m2. Under high stress difference conditions, fractures are symmetrically double-winged, with increased propagation resistance and a reduced area of 3.84 m2. The number of acoustic emission events ranges from 3 698 to 4 702, and the peak amplitude ranges from 83.2 to 121.1 dB. The evolution characteristics are related to the height of fracture initiation and propagation. The initiation pressure range for hydraulic fracturing in the hard roof of this mine is determined to be 10.80-16.79 MPa, and a critical initiation pressure of 16.79 MPa is recommended as the lower engineering limit. Engineering application results demonstrate that these fracturing parameters can significantly reduce the suspended roof area and markedly lower the risk of rock bursts. The research results can provide theoretical support and engineering reference for the design of roof fracturing schemes and disaster prevention and control in deep mines.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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