To address the comprehensive utilization of low-grade associated tungsten-fluorite resources in skarn-type copper-polymetallic tailings in southeastern Yunnan, based on an analysis of mineral liberation (≥94%) and identification of mineral forms (85.39% scheelite), a three-stage serial process consisting of "room-temperature mixed flotation of black and white tungsten ores, heated concentration and fluorite flotation" was proposed. At room-temperature, the pulp was adjusted using Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3. In the heating concentration stage, separation was enhanced at 90 ℃ using NaOH as the adjusting agent. For fluorite flotation, a combination of modified oleic acid GY4 and acidified water glass was used. The results show that the closed-circuit test produces a tungsten concentrate with a WO3 grade of 62.17% and a recovery rate of 81.30%, as well as a fluorite concentrate with a CaF2 grade of 96.13% and a recovery rate of 89.47%. Compared with traditional processes, the new method increases tungsten recovery by nearly 4 percentage points and raises the CaF2 grade of fluorite concentrate by 2.75 percentage points. Preliminary estimates indicate that this initiative could generate at least 550 million yuan in economic benefits annually and reduce tailings discharge by approximately 151 900 t/a. The research findings can provide technical support for the efficient utilization of low-grade associated tungsten-fluorite tailings.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |