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Outline
Ground fissures accelerate land degradation and soil erosion, and induce secondary geological disasters such as landslides and collapses. To reveal the development characteristics of ground fissures under high-intensity mining conditions, relevant research was carried out with the 615 working face of a mine as the engineering background, and multiple methods including field measurement, experimental simulation, theoretical analysis and engineering application were comprehensively utilized. The results show that ground fissures are mainly divided into tensile, step and collapse types according to different deformation properties. During the advance of the working face, the propagation period of fissures within the working face is shortened and the closure degree decreases. The development degree of ground fissures is more significant than that under conventional geological and mining conditions. The number of fissures with widths of 0-100 mm, 100-500 mm and greater than 500 mm accounts for 38%, 56% and 6%, respectively. Overburden fissures develop synchronously with the breaking of thick and hard rock strata and eventually penetrate the ground surface. Based on the critical deformation values of ground fissures, the fissure angle along the strike, the fissure angle on the dip side, and the fissure angle on the rise side are predicted to be 79.8°, 74.1°, and 79.5°, respectively, with a maximum relative error of 7.1%. In addition, the calculation formula for the critical depth-thickness ratio of through fissures was proposed. The research results are of important reference significance for land remediation and geological disaster prevention in mining areas.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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