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Outline
To address the issue that the dust dispersion mechanism in open-pit mines under the influence of multiple factors remains unclear, this study takes the Qidashan open-pit mine as the engineering background. A numerical simulation method was employed to analyze the effects of multiple factors, including wind speed, wind direction, dust particle size and dust source location, on the dust dispersivity. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of dust under multiple dust source conditions were investigated. A three-dimensional flow field model of the Qidashan stope was constructed based on on-site meteorological data. Simulation analyses of the dust dispersivity were conducted under various working conditions. The results indicate that dust particle size is the primary factor influencing the dust dispersivity; the smaller the particle size, the higher the dispersivity. Wind speed ranks second, exerting a significant effect on dust particles larger than 30 μm. In contrast, dust source location and wind direction have relatively minor effects on the dust dispersivity. Moreover, under multiple dust source conditions, dust accumulates within the stope and disperses along the wind direction as the duration of continuous dust production extends. After dust production ceases, the dust concentration gradually decreases. The dust dispersion velocities from different source points exhibit significant differences due to variations in their locations. Affected jointly by terrain and airflow, the PM2.5 concentration exhibits a variation pattern of "increase-decrease-increase" as the stope depth increases. Based on the research findings, relevant measures and recommendations for dust prevention in production at the Qidashan open-pit stope are proposed, with a focus on dust source control, suppression of the transmission process, and differentiated precise prevention and control.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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