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Effect of Particle Settling Characteristics on Plume Diffusion in Density-Stratified Environments
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Li ZHANG1, 2, Yan ZHANG1, 2, Yinrui ZHANG3, Xuhui ZHANG1, 2, Xiaobing LU1, 2
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(4) : 89 - 96
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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(4): 89-96
• EXPLOITATION OF DEEP-SEA MINERAL RESOURCES •
Effect of Particle Settling Characteristics on Plume Diffusion in Density-Stratified Environments
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Li ZHANG1, 2, Yan ZHANG1, 2, Yinrui ZHANG3, Xuhui ZHANG1, 2, Xiaobing LU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 2.School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3.School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.012
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To explore the lateral diffusion law of particle plumes resulting from a midwater discharge of sediment during deep-sea mining, effects of terminal velocity of settling particles and seawater-buoyancy-flux ratio of discharged fluid on plume diffusion process in density-stratified environments was studied by adopting large-eddy simulation. The numerical model was validated based on water-tank test, and it is found that the average relative error of the lateral diffusion radius for single-phase plumes is 2.94%, and the average error for particle plumes at stable stage is 5.3%. The results show that particle settling decreases the residual buoyancy of plume and diffusion layer moves upward. The lateral diffusion radius tends to stabilize after an initial increase with the growth of terminal settling velocity, and the corresponding dimensionless parameter at the critical terminal settling velocity is ws/Us≈0.1. The lateral diffusion radius reaches its minimum value when the density of discharged fluid is close to that of ambient seawater (P≈0). This study provides theoretical support for quantitatively optimizing parameters and controlling environmental impact of tailings discharge during deepsea mining operation.

marine environment  /  particle plume  /  density stratification  /  deepsea mining  /  plume diffusion  /  lateral diffusion radius
张丽, 张岩, 张印瑞, 张旭辉, 鲁晓兵. 密度分层环境中颗粒沉降特性对羽流扩散的影响研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2026 , 46 (4) : 89 -96 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.012
Li ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Yinrui ZHANG, Xuhui ZHANG, Xiaobing LU. Effect of Particle Settling Characteristics on Plume Diffusion in Density-Stratified Environments[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2026 , 46 (4) : 89 -96 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.012
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 46 Issue 4
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.012
  • Receive Date：2026-05-20
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
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  • Received：2026-05-20
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Affiliations
    1.Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2.School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygczz/EN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.04.012
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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