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Outline
Aiming at optimization of bench height for open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions, a multi-objective decision-making method considering the influence of freeze-thaw cycles was proposed. Based on parameters including shoveling equipment selection and toe burden, the bench height was preliminarily determined to be within the range of 12-18 m, and seven alternative schemes were proposed. Numerical simulation of slope stability after 25 freeze-thaw cycles was conducted by adopting GeoStudio software, and the safety factors of each scheme ranged from 1.196 to 1.214. Models for ore dilution and loss, drilling and blasting cost, and ore-rock transportation work were then established to calculate the performance values of each scheme in terms of dilution rate, loss rate, drilling cost, blast cost, and transportation work. On this basis, the entropy-weight method was used to determine the weight of each index, and the comprehensive scores of alternative schemes were calculated. The results show that the 15 m bench scheme achieves the highest comprehensive score (0.516 6), and is identified as the optimal solution. Incorporating the mechanical effects of freeze-thaw cycles into the multi-objective evaluation framework, this method provides a quantitative decision-making basis for bench height design of open-pit mines in high-altitude cold regions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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