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Evolution of International Rules for Deep-Sea Mining and China's Countermeasures
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Na ZHOU1, Zhiwei BI2, Jian YUAN1, Qiaosheng WU2
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(3) : 46 - 53
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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(3): 46-53
• SPECIAL TOPIC ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN KEY TECHNOLOGIES AND COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CHAINS FOR DEEP-SEA MINERAL RESOURCE EXPLOITATION •
Evolution of International Rules for Deep-Sea Mining and China's Countermeasures
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Na ZHOU1, Zhiwei BI2, Jian YUAN1, Qiaosheng WU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  • 2.School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.005
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Based on sorting out all exploration contracts approved by the International Seabed Authority, progress in negotiations on exploitation regulations, and policy divergences among major countries, it is argued that controversies over deep-sea mining rules focus on environmental protection, benefit distribution, regulatory responsibilities and commercial feasibility. China has established a relatively complete resource layout in international seabed, and also solid technological foundation for deep-sea exploitation, yet still confronts with regulatory uncertainties, environmental pressure and constraints on commercialization. China shall actively participate in the formulation of international deep-sea mining rules, strengthen international cooperation, and coordinate resource security and ecological conservation, for promoting the commercial exploitation of deep-sea mineral resources.

deep-sea mining  /  international rules  /  strategic minerals  /  resource security  /  countermeasure
周娜, 毕致玮, 袁健, 吴巧生. 深海采矿国际规则演进与中国应对策略. 矿冶工程杂志, 2026 , 46 (3) : 46 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.005
Na ZHOU, Zhiwei BI, Jian YUAN, Qiaosheng WU. Evolution of International Rules for Deep-Sea Mining and China's Countermeasures[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2026 , 46 (3) : 46 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.005
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 46 Issue 3
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.005
  • Receive Date：2026-05-15
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
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  • Received：2026-05-15
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Affiliations
    1.School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
    2.School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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