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Numerical Simulation of Transport and Dispersion of Plume in Deep-Sea Mining:Progress, Challenges and Prospects
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Zuoqian HAO1, 2, Meng DONG3, Tao WANG3, Changwei BIAN1, 4
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(3) : 26 - 39
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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(3): 26-39
• SPECIAL TOPIC ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN KEY TECHNOLOGIES AND COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CHAINS FOR DEEP-SEA MINERAL RESOURCE EXPLOITATION •
Numerical Simulation of Transport and Dispersion of Plume in Deep-Sea Mining:Progress, Challenges and Prospects
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Zuoqian HAO1, 2, Meng DONG3, Tao WANG3, Changwei BIAN1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • 2.College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • 3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • 4.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.003
Outline
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This paper reviews the research progress in numerical simulation of transport and dispersion of plumes generated during deep-sea mining. Based on the formation mechanisms of plumes, the differences between dynamics of collector plumes and midwater plumes are compared in terms of discharge, transport driven by buoyancy and passive advection. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of widely used near-field and far-field numerical frameworks in terms of applicable scales, computational efficiency, and physical accuracy, the parameterization methods for key physical processes are illustrated. Aiming at the bottleneck of insufficient deep-sea environmental data, the limitations and core challenges in current laboratory flume experiments and in-situ observations for model verification are further analyzed. On this basis, a prospect for the development direction are finally offered, including integration of artificial intelligence and advanced data assimilation techniques with establishment of standardized model evaluation framework.

deep-sea mining  /  sediment  /  plume  /  mining-induced plume  /  collector plume  /  midwater plume  /  environmental impact assessment  /  transport  /  diffusion  /  sedimentation  /  numerical simulation
郝祚千, 董猛, 王涛, 边昌伟. 深海采矿扰动羽流输运和扩散的数值模拟：进展、挑战与展望. 矿冶工程杂志, 2026 , 46 (3) : 26 -39 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.003
Zuoqian HAO, Meng DONG, Tao WANG, Changwei BIAN. Numerical Simulation of Transport and Dispersion of Plume in Deep-Sea Mining:Progress, Challenges and Prospects[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2026 , 46 (3) : 26 -39 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.003
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 46 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.03.003
  • Receive Date：2026-05-07
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
Article Data
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  • Received：2026-05-07
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2.College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    4.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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