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A review of comprehensive recycling technologies for graphite anodes in spent lithium-ion batteries is presented, including hydrometallurgical process, a combination of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process, as well as mechanical recycling. And then, an in-depth analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each technology is also presented. It is particularly pointed out that there are various recycling technologies, but the development of an efficient and environmentally-friendly closed-circuit recycling process still faces challenges. The recycling approaches of graphite anodes in spent lithium-ion batteries are discussed in details, such as usage as anodes of rechargeable batteries, or for preparation of graphene. The research direction in the future is also forecasted aiming to provide theoretical and technical support for reutilization of graphite anodes in spent lithium-ion batteries with high-value added. It is suggested that research should focus on developing a simple, efficient and clean closed-circuit recycling processes to improve the recovery rate and purity of graphite anode materials while reducing environmental pollution. The research hotspots in the future should include lattice reconstruction and repairing technologies for graphite anode materials, as well as exploration of new applications of graphite anode materials in the fields of energy storage materials, catalysts, adsorbents among others.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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