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A technique of nanofiltration combined with ammonium sulfide precipitation was verified for its feasibility of separating and recovering ammonium nitrate and nickel nitrate from nickel-containing feed solution. Based on investigating the effects of pressure on the side of concentrate stream in nanofiltration, stages of nanofiltration and pH value of ammonium sulfide precipitate, an appropriate route was determined, including two-stage nanofiltration, KLNi-01 ion exchange to remove nickel, nickel precipitation with ammonium sulfide, and dissolution with nitric acid to recover nickel nitrate. The feed stream with pH of 6 was subjected to a two-stage nanofiltration, with pressure of 0.8 MPa on the side of concentrate stream. The obtained permeate stream with nickel content decreased to 0.181 g/L was adsorbed with KLNi-01 resin, leading to the nickel content therein further reduced to 0.002 mg/L. Then, 36 mL/L ammonium sulfide solution was added into the concentrate stream with an initial pH of 6 for nickel precipitation. The generated solution had nickel content of 4.7 mg/L, and no sulfide was detected, while the obtained precipitate of nickel sulfide was then dissolved with nitric acid, and the nickel nitrate solution was obtained with concentration of 258.40 g/L. The material balance calculation shows that treatment of 1 m3 of nickel-containing feed stream can generate 0.3 m3 permeate, and 192.93 L of nickel nitrate solution with concentration of 258.40 g/L can be generated with the consumption of 25.20 L of ammonium sulfide solution with concentration of 20%-26%, 37.22 L of concentrated nitric acid and 109.05 L of water.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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