In order to understand carbon performance of the mining sector in Hunan Province, the carbon emissions and carbon performance of the mining sector in Hunan Province were calculated based on the latest statistical data of national economic accounting, and factors influencing carbon performance were analyzed based on the established model. It is shown that the carbon performance of Hunan's mining sector was at a relatively low level from 2010 to 2020, and there was great difference in carbon performance of sub-sectors. Factors of asset size and energy efficiency had a positive impact on carbon performance, while factors of asset liability ratio and energy structure had negative constraints on carbon performance. Achieving economies of scale, improving energy efficiency, optimizing energy structure and maintaining a stable liabilities-to-assets ratio made sub-sectors of non-ferrous metal and gas production and supply in the front rank in terms of carbon performance. However, decreasing returns of scale in sub-sectors of coal mining and washing, as well as unreasonable energy structure and low energy efficiency in coal sub-sector led to the carbon performance of coal sub-sector ranking at the bottom. Consequently, it is suggested that the mining sector in Hunan Province should optimize its energy structure, accelerate low-carbon innovation, and increase various energy efficiency, so as to improve their carbon performance.