Aiming at the problems of low blasthole utilization rate, high specific explosive consumption, high detonator consumption, and irregular roadway forming during the excavation of roadways with fractured surrounding rock in a gold mine, an optimization method for burn cut parameters by adopting ultra-deep central hole is proposed. The optimized rock-breaking mechanism is revealed by triple synergistic effect, including enhanced rock throwing via central hole charging, stress wave guidance through large empty-hole spacing, and bottom pre-fragmentation. A three-dimensional cut blasting model is established using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software to simulate four working conditions featuring a 200 mm ultra-deep central hole and enhanced bottom charge, with empty-hole spacings of 130 mm, 160 mm, 190 mm, and 220 mm. By analyzing the effective stress distribution, cut-cavity dimensions, rock-throwing process, and energy variation under different working conditions, the optimal empty-hole spacing is finally determined to be 160 mm. Field test results show that the optimized blasting scheme increases the blasthole utilization rate from 87% to 95.8%-97.8%, reduces explosive consumption by 13.3% and detonator consumption by 14.29%, and controls the over-excavation of two roadway sidewalls within 100 mm. Such findings can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for similar roadway excavation engineering in fractured surrounding rock.