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Crack Propagation and Energy Evolution of Rock Mass with Cross-Fractures
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Xiyuan TANG1, Zonghong ZHOU2, Yang XU1, Jian LIU2, Huaipeng LI3
Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(2) : 36 - 43
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Mining and Metallurgical Engineering | 2026, 46(2): 36-43
• MINING •
Crack Propagation and Energy Evolution of Rock Mass with Cross-Fractures
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Xiyuan TANG1, Zonghong ZHOU2, Yang XU1, Jian LIU2, Huaipeng LI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
  • 2.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
  • 3.Yunnan Yuntianhua Polyphosphate New Materials Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.02.006
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Based on PFC2D, a numerical model was constructed to systematically analyze the effects of confining pressure and fracture dip angle on the crack propagation, failure modes, and energy evolution of rock mass with cross-fractures. The results show that with the increase of confining pressure, the failure mode transitions from tensile or mixed failure mode under low confining pressure to shear-dominated failure under high confining pressure. As the dip angle increases, the secondary fracture-dominated fracture is shifted to primary fracture-dominated fracture. The confining pressure significantly affects the propagation morphology and quantity of cracks, whereas the dip angle mainly influences the crack initiation location and propagation path. The confining pressure enhances the energy storage capacity of rock samples, promotes strain energy accumulation, and strengthens the overall toughness of the structure. The dip angle mainly affects the energy allocation path. When the dip angle of cross-fractures is 45°, the specimen exhibits an extremely high energy storage capacity and delayed failure behavior, indicating a strong load-bearing capacity but a high rockburst risk. When the dip angle of cross-fractures is 60°, the lower energy storage limit of the specimen leads to sudden burst of energy, demonstrating typical brittle failure characteristics.

rock mechanics  /  cross-fracture  /  confining pressure effect  /  crack propagation  /  energy evolution  /  energy storage limit  /  failure mode  /  fracture dip angle  /  strain energy  /  dissipated energy
唐晞源, 周宗红, 徐阳, 刘剑, 李怀鹏. 含交叉裂隙岩体裂纹扩展与能量演化研究. 矿冶工程杂志, 2026 , 46 (2) : 36 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.02.006
Xiyuan TANG, Zonghong ZHOU, Yang XU, Jian LIU, Huaipeng LI. Crack Propagation and Energy Evolution of Rock Mass with Cross-Fractures[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2026 , 46 (2) : 36 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.02.006
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Year 2026 volume 46 Issue 2
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2026.02.006
  • Receive Date：2025-10-16
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
Article Data
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  • Received：2025-10-16
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
    2.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
    3.Yunnan Yuntianhua Polyphosphate New Materials Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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