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Outline
A mixture of two acids (H2SO4, HCl) was used to enhance the acid leaching of vanadium (V) and gallium (Ga) from red mud, and the effects of key parameters on the leaching rates of V and Ga were investigated, including volume ratio of two acids, acid concentration, reaction time, leaching temperature and liquid-to-solid ratio. The results show that under the following conditions, including two acids in a volume ratio of 1∶1, acid concentration of 28.89%, liquid-to-solid ratio of 9, reaction time of 60 min and leaching temperature of 120 ℃, the leaching rates of V and Ga can reach 90.65% and 97.30%, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermodynamic analyses indicate that muscovite, hematite and perovskite in red mud are dissolved to some extent during the acid leaching process, and vanadium and gallium exist in different valence states in the leachate. It is concluded that acid leaching can effectively promote dissolution of minerals and release of valuable metals.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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