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Coordinating paradox: Strategic choices in artificial intelligence “functionality-safety” framework
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Yuan LI1, Ping LI2, 3, Ya-nan XU1
Studies in Science of Science | 2026, 44(10) : 2017 - 2027
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Studies in Science of Science | 2026, 44(10): 2017-2027
• Hot Issues •
Coordinating paradox: Strategic choices in artificial intelligence “functionality-safety” framework
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Yuan LI1, Ping LI2, 3, Ya-nan XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
  • 2 Dongbei University of Finance & Economics, Dalian 116025, China
  • 3 Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Published: 2026-10-15
Outline
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The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology creates opportunities while simultaneously intensifying concerns regarding its safety risks and alignment problems. Existing research often discusses AI functionality (the technical capability for automated decision-making) and AI safety (the responsible attribute for risk prevention) in isolation, overlooking their inherent paradoxical relationship. This study aims to explore how to coordinate the tension between functionality and safety through strategic design to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. We propose an AI "Functionality-Safety" paradox framework and identify four core scenarios of interaction between functionality and safety. Meanwhile, by integrating perspectives from paradox theory and dynamic capability theory, we formulate the core viewpoints on the AI "Functionality-Safety" paradox. On this basis, the study puts forward dynamically matched strategic paths for different scenarios, explains the non-linear relationships and balance mechanisms among AI application timing, internal and external capabilities, and corporate performance under different strategies. The main contributions of this study lie in constructing an AI technology analysis framework that integrates the functionality and safety dimensions, forming dynamic synergy perspectives on the AI "Functionality-Safety" paradox, and establishing the dynamic matching between AI scenarios and collaborative strategies. This study provides theoretical guidance and practical implications for firms' paradox collaborative management and AI strategies.

artificial intelligence  /  AI functionality  /  AI safety  /  dynamic capabilities  /  paradox theory
李垣, 李平, 许雅楠. 协调悖论:人工智能“智能-安全”的战略选择. 科学学研究, 2026 , 44 (10) : 2017 -2027 .
Yuan LI, Ping LI, Ya-nan XU. Coordinating paradox: Strategic choices in artificial intelligence “functionality-safety” framework[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2026 , 44 (10) : 2017 -2027 .
Year 2026 volume 44 Issue 10
115
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  • Receive Date:2025-08-05
  • Online Date:2026-10-10
  • Published:2026-10-15
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  • Received:2025-08-05
  • Revised:2025-10-25
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Affiliations
    1 Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
    2 Dongbei University of Finance & Economics, Dalian 116025, China
    3 Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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