Social responsibility under the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Popularization of Science and Technology refers to the duty of science popularization that social entities are expected to assume. The Revised Law of the People's Republic of China on the Popularization of Science and Technology strengthens the network of social responsibilities, highlights the responsibilities of special subjects in science popularization, and expands how these responsibilities can be fulfilled. However, due to the promotion law nature of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Popularization of Science and Technology, it lacks mandatory binding force on social actors and is difficult to translate into substantive rights enforceable by the public, resulting in difficulties in the implementation of social responsibility. In the process of implementing the Revised Law of the People's Republic of China on the Popularization of Science and Technology, measures such as further clarifying preferential policies for science popularization, fostering the awareness of science popularization as a public welfare undertaking, and deepening the evaluation mechanism for science popularization should be adopted to promote the fulfillment of social responsibility.