The citizens' digital literacy and skills are an important component of the core literacy for contemporary citizens and the inevitable requirement of modernization for human literacy. Digital literacy has risen from an initial academic research object to the strategic vision of a country or organization, deeply integrating into the process of economic and social development. This article solidifies the cognitive foundation of evaluation research by explaining the development trends of digital literacy concept names, characteristics of heterogeneous integration, and capability framework dimensions. Based on the international perspective and actual national conditions, the evaluation of digital literacy and skills for a super large-scale population has been conducted. The theoretical and practical basis of evaluation models and evaluation indicator systems are improved, which enhances scientificity and standardization. The evaluation categories and interrelationships of each indicator dimension are clarified. The evaluation tools are developed to connect the theory research and practice closely. The data are expected to be available, assisting the sustainable and healthy development of the digital society.

digital literacy  /  digital skills  /  evaluation indicator system  /  assessment  /  digital divide