Scientists are the natural allies of science education. How to participate in the reform of science education in primary and secondary schools is a problem that both scientific and educational circles must face. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Science comprehensively understood and mastered the current situation of science education through scientific investigation. They paid attention to science education by carrying out discussions on science education and improving the level of science curriculum construction by compiling science textbooks. The scientists improved the construction of science curriculum resources by producing and promoting scientific experimental instruments and equipment. They announced the construction of science teachers by implementing science teachers’ training. The practical process of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Science participating in modern science curriculum teaching reform in various forms can provide a reference for today’s "science and education cooperation" and jointly promote science curriculum reform.